First-Time Anglers: Fishing 101

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Fishing season is here, and I wanted to provide a brief but beneficial resource for first-time fishers (and maybe some old pros, too). Below, you'll find answers to basic questions about fishing equipment, fishing methods, and how to catch and clean a fish.

Why Fish?

Fishing, like most outdoor activities, is healthy for you. Contrary to other forms of recreation, like hiking for instance, fishing offers a different kind of physical benefit: instead of working up a sweat, you’re relaxing and letting life’s worries drift away. These days, stress-relief is a legitimate health need. In addition to reducing stress, fishing is also fun, especially with other people. Fishing together is an excellent tool for building relationships.

What About Fishing?

The most important piece of equipment you'll need is a rod and reel. For novices, a cheap or borrowed pole often works best. Many experts recommend first using a spinning reel instead of a conventional or revolving reel. 

The term tackle is used to describe all the varied pieces of equipment anglers use when fishing. The type of fishing you do will determine the equipment you'll use, but the following will give you an idea of what a beginner's tackle box might contain: 

• hooks

• bobbers

• sinkers

• lures

• bait 

• fishing line

• stringer

• fillet knife

• fishing scissors

• needle-nosed pliers

• basic first aid kit

• LED flashlight

• net

You may not know what all these items are or how they function right away but they will over time provide you with everything you need to go fishing. Most outdoor recreation retailers will carry all these items and can explain their design and function if necessary.

Depending on what type of fishing you'll be doing, wearing the right clothes can be important. Generally, anticipate dressing slightly warmer, as temperatures tend to be cooler on the water. Also, a sturdy pair of waterproof boots would be an excellent investment.

Additionally, you'll also need a fishing license before you can legally try your hand at catching fish. These licenses are typically granted by the state and can usually be obtained from your local fish and wildlife agency or an outdoor retailer. Be sure to familiarize yourself with all the rules and regulations in the area where you plan to fish.

How Do I Fish?

There are a number of different types or methods for fishing. The following is a brief introduction to the basic types and is, by no means, exhaustive.

• Still-fishing: baiting a hook, putting it in the water, and waiting for fish to bite. From boat, dock, or shore, still-fishing typically employs the use of bobbers and sinkers.

• Jigging: moving bait up and down underwater by lifting and lowering the rod. 

• Trolling: dragging a lure or bait through the water using a boat.

• Casting: throwing or "casting" bait with a fishing rod and then reeling it back. Casting is usually performed with an artificial lure to attract the fish as it is being reeled in.

• Fly fishing: casting small, light-weight artificial flies that emulate insects and other fish food. This particular method is vastly different from traditional methods as it requires a special rod, reel, line, bait, and technique.

Regardless of which method you use, one technique you'll need to know is how to land a fish. Essentially, the process consists of three steps: setting the hook, pumping the rod, and netting the fish. Often, these steps are easier said than done.

Finally, if you plan on keeping and eating the fish you catch, you'll need to learn how to clean them. The process is relatively simple if you can get past its somewhat gruesome nature. Basically, using a fillet knife, make an incision along the belly of the fish from the rear to the head and remove all the entrails inside until only the meat is left. Removing the head and tail are optional but not necessary.

Now What?

Go fish! As you learn more about fishing, you'll no doubt hear many different opinions on lures, baits, and technique. Trying new methods and equipment, and eventually developing your own unique style and preferences, is just a part of the whole exciting experience. And, of course, who can resist all the stories you'll have to tell with arms widespread and swearing, "It must have been this big!"

~Richard McNeal, 2009

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